The conventional liquid cooling system carries the risk of dew condensation and air cooling has poor thermal management performance for battery energy storage systems. To address these issues, a novel two-phase liquid cooling system was developed for containerized battery energy storage systems and tested in the field under mismatched conditions.
A Containerised Battery Energy Storage Solution (BESS) is a compact, modular, and fully integrated system that enables efficient energy storage and management, typically used in renewable energy applications, grid balancing, and off-grid power supply. Below are details covering the main components included in the containerised solution:
Container information A containerized lithium-ion battery energy storage system was used for the test, as shown in Fig. 1. Its overall dimensions are 6058 mm (length) ◊ 2438 mm (width) ◊ 2896 mm (height), with a total battery energy capacity of 2.75 MWh.
To comprehensively analyze the effect of the two-phase liquid cooling system on containerized battery thermal management, several key parameters were tested, including the battery temperature, cooling system, and climate conditions: the temperature of the battery cells, the cold plate temperature, and the outdoor temperature and humidity.
The temperature difference among the cells within each battery pack is maintained within 2 °C throughout the entire charging process, which is not only within the safe working temperature range but also reduced by 60% compared to the 4.7 °C temperature difference of the traditional air cooling system (Guo et al., 2023, Huang et al., 2022).
The temperature uniformity of batteries was analyzed under a wide range of supply liquid temperatures within a limited operation cycle. The conventional liquid cooling system carries the risk of dew condensation and air cooling has poor thermal management performance for battery energy storage systems.
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