6 FAQs about Base station power supply considerations

How much power does a PSU need?

This is when the PSU is no longer powering the PA, which is the main power draw, but still needs to power other electronics. The current target for low-load efficiency is about 30 W. Some OEMs would like to see that drop to nearly 10 W.

How do engineers design 5G base stations?

Engineers designing 5G base stations must contend with energy use, weight, size, and heat, which impact design decisions. 5G New Radio (NR) uses Multi-User massive-MIMO (MU-MIMO), Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB), and beamforming with millimeter wave (mmWave) spectrum up to 71 GHz.

What is a multi-output power supply design?

Multiple output designs may also employ a complex regulation scheme which senses multiple outputs to control the feedback loop. Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP), Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), and Third-generation (3G) base stations all necessitate varying degrees of complexity in power supply design.

How much power does a PSU need during a quiescent period?

During quiescent periods—typically 5 ms to 100 ms—the PSU must minimize all load power with the basic functions of the antenna unit remaining active. It also must be able to ramp up to full power whenever the antenna wants to check for any active users within its range.

How will mmWave based 5G affect PA & PSU designs?

Site-selection considerations also are driving changes to the PA and PSU designs. The higher the frequency, the shorter the signals travel, which means mmWave-based 5G will require a much higher density of small cells compared to 4G. Many 5G sites will also need to be close to street level, where people are.

What are the challenges of embedded PSUs in 5G NR?

PSUs often get sandwiched with other components inside an AAU. Thus, engineers need low-profile components, typically under 22 mm. The challenges and opportunities surrounding embedded PSUs highlight how 5G NR compares to previous wireless technologies.

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